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| Between the Mountains - Updates from the South Caucasus |
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Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung Regional Programme Political Dialogue South Caucasus
March/April 2026 |
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Dear Friends of Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, |
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The dates for Easter in the Western and Orthodox Christianity hardly ever coincide.
Often, they diverge by weeks, sometimes by more than a month. This year, the gap was merely one week and attentive observers of the flow of history know how much can unfold in such a short span—especially in this part of the world.
While children delight in the prospect of a double ration of Easter eggs, Christians in the South Caucasus may draw an additional portion of comfort from commemorating the Resurrection of Jesus Christ twice. While his earthly representative in Rome appeared largely unmoved by the latest verbal tirades from the president of “God’s own country”, the government in Yerevan, in contrast, announced plans to usher the “Armenian Pope” —Catholicos Karekin—into retirement, if they get re-elected.
His counterpart in Georgia however, did retire to eternal rest last month. The death of Patriarch Ilia II was met with an outpouring of national mourning and a fleeting moment of unity. But accusations of political instrumentalisation swiftly followed, casting shadows over what this rare pause in the country’s polarisation.
Religion and politics, it seems, resemble the two Easter dates themselves: governed by celestial mechanics, they can drift far apart—or, under particular constellations of moons and stars, find themselves very close together.
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| Jakob Wöllenstein |
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What happened in the South Caucasus? |
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Putin Pressures Armenia Tensions between Armenia and Russia escalated following the April 1 meeting in Moscow between Nikol Pashinyan and Vladimir Putin, where disagreements surfaced over Armenia’s EU ambitions, its role in the Eurasian Economic Union, and the participation of pro-Russian figures in the June 7 parliamentary elections.
While Pashinyan described the talks as constructive and announced a follow-up meeting planned for the second half of June, Moscow has since signaled its dissatisfaction through both political and economic pressure. This has included warnings of potential trade and energy consequences, stricter controls on Armenian exports, and a move against a major brandy producer dependent on the Russian market, highlighting the tangible risks facing Armenia as it navigates its geopolitical balancing act.
Civil Contract vows to remove Catholicos while travel ban is lifted
On April 3, Armenia’s ruling Civil Contract party formally pledged to seek the removal of Catholicos Karekin II and introduce new rules governing the Armenian Apostolic Church if reelected on June 7. The announcement builds on an already escalating standoff, with authorities continuing legal proceedings against senior clergy and restricting some religious activities, including prison chaplain visits.
Although a court recently annulled a travel ban on the Catholicos, prosecutors have moved to challenge the ruling, signaling that pressure on the church leadership will persist.
Detention of Student and Campaign Incidents Raise Concerns
A series of confrontations involving Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan has heightened concerns over the government’s response to dissent ahead of the June 7 elections, culminating in the detention of 18-year-old Davit Minasian after a March 29 incident in a Yerevan church. Days earlier, a heated exchange in the Yerevan metro between Pashinyan and a displaced Karabakh Armenian woman had already drawn criticism from the ombudswoman, highlighting increasingly tense interactions during his campaign outreach.
Following the church incident, Minasian was arrested, injured, and later hospitalized multiple times. After calls for his release had intensified, he was released from custody pending trial two weeks later. Together, these developments have fueled broader concerns about the authorities’ handling of public criticism during the election period.
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9th of April commemoration marked by protests Anti-government demonstrators marked the April 9 anniversary of the 1989 Soviet crackdown. The event, honoring the 21 people killed and Georgia’s 1991 independence, was marked by tensions as officials arrived under heavy police presence and were met with chants accusing them of serving Russian interests. Several incidents, including clashes and detentions, prompted investigations and added to criticism of the authorities’ handling of dissent. Opposition figures framed the events as further evidence of a deepening political crisis, arguing that the government is undermining the independence and democratic values symbolized by April 9.
Georgia mourns loss of Patriarch - Funeral politicized
The death of Patriarch Ilia II on March 17 and his funeral on March 22 drew tens of thousands to Tbilisi, underscoring his enduring role as Georgia’s most trusted public figure, but the ceremonies quickly became entangled in political controversy.
While national mourning reflected broad public reverence, opposition figures accused the ruling Georgian Dream government of restricting access to the funeral and using the occasion for political messaging, including sidelining critics and consolidating its presence at the ceremony. In the aftermath, GD leaders escalated rhetoric, alleging an “anti-Church campaign” by opposition groups, NGOs, and foreign actors, further politicizing the Patriarch’s legacy.
Georgian government accused of killing stray dogs
Georgia’s stray animal policy has come under intense scrutiny after reports of “disappearing” dogs during state veterinary operations sparked protests and accusations of cruel treatment. Activists have pointed to cases in Zugdidi and elsewhere where dozens of dogs — including already sterilized and tagged animals — were removed and not returned to their original locations, while footage of smoke from a Gori shelter crematorium fueled fears that animals were being killed, claims authorities strongly deny.
The government insists the program is limited to vaccination, sterilization, and relocation for public safety reasons, but critics argue that vague regulations and poor implementation risk effectively condemning animals to death. The controversy has deepened public mistrust over the transparency and intent of the state’s animal management program.
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Severe Floods Sweep Azerbaijan, Authorities Mobilize Nationwide Response
Due to the floods on April 8 triggered by days of rainfall, Azerbaijani officials report that thousands of residents have been displaced, while critical infrastructure has sustained significant damage. Azerbaijan's emergency services have launched evacuations and coordinated relief operations, while local volunteers and international partners deliver to assist affected communities with aid.
Environmental experts highlighted that climate-related risks, including increased rainfall and river overflow, are becoming more frequent in the region, underlining the importance of long-term investment in flood management infrastructure.
President Aliyev visits Tbilisi
Whilst President Ilham Aliyev’s April 6 visit to Georgia focused on expanding economic cooperation, transport corridors, and energy exports — including meetings with senior officials and Bidzina Ivanishvili — it was accompanied by a series of controversial developments.
Georgian authorities approved property expropriations for a Heydar Aliyev Cultural Centre in Tbilisi on April 3, just days before the visit, for a project funded by Azerbaijan, raising concerns among affected residents. At the same time, the deportation of Azerbaijani journalist Afgan Sadigov from Georgia to Azerbaijan, despite a European Court of Human Rights protection order, and his brief detention upon return intensified criticism.
Baku hosts meeting of the Organisation of Turkic States - Aliev praises support for Karabakh
On 2 April, President Ilham Aliyev hosted the heads of government of the Organization of Turkic States (OTS) in Baku. While discussions focused on trade, investment, transport infrastructure, and the reconstruction of Karabakh, the meeting also served to highlight Azerbaijan’s growing regional influence. Aliyev emphasized the country’s $20 billion in investments across OTS member states, alongside partner contributions to reconstruction efforts in Karabakh—an area where transparency and inclusiveness remain limited.
Connectivity initiatives such as the Middle Corridor and Trans-Caspian route featured prominently. However, questions persist regarding the long-term economic viability of these projects and the broader political implications of deepening integration within the OTS framework. |
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This newsletter is a free service of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e. V. Regional Programme Political Dialogue South Caucasus 4 Tamar Chovelidze St, Tbilisi
T +995 32 245 91 11
Responsible Florian Binder florian.binder@kas.de |
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